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Russian Flax/Hemp Bale Seals from

Kinghorn Mills - Fife

 (95 seals found to date with 2 seals awaiting upload as of 25th September 2018)

This is a collection of several lots purchased from the finders

 via eBay by the Project to preserve them for future generations.

 

 

   This site is an ongoing project involving the daily finding and identification of Russian Lead Flax Bale Seals and Lead Trading Tokens from the old disused Northern Flax Mills of Bentham, West House Mill at Blubberhouses, the Little Patrick Mill and Aked's High Mill at West End, Folly Gill Mill in Thornthwaite and Kinghorn Mill in Fife, Scotland .   For many decades in the 18th & 19th centuries, Russia was by far the world's greatest exporter of flax stems via St Petersburg, Archangel and Riga, and Great Britain was its major customer.   Every bale of flax stems was fastened together with a lead seal by a quality control inspector.   The discarded stems of the flax with seals still attached were prized as fertilizer by local farmers and were spread onto the land mixed with night soil manure where they remain to be found even until today.

   In 1793 three flax-spinning mills were erected at Kinghorn, and the two large spinning mills belonging to a Kirkcaldy firm having long been operative in town. The mills were steam and water powered with the water coming from the Loch of Kinghorn and there was an extensive bleaching field at Nether Tyne, belonging to the owners of St Leonard's Mill, which enabled them to prepare the thread and yarn in a purely white state for the market.  The owners employed daily at their mill 200 females, 54 males, flax dressers, 21 mechanics, with machine makers, and 12 male superintendents with other duties. About 70 were employed in the bleaching of yarn. There were two other mills in Kinghorn, at both of which were employed about 130 females and 50 males, including 36 flax dressers. Girls above fourteen years of age, who were spinners could earn 4s to 6s per week. Mechanics had from 12s to £1 per week and Flax dressers were paid by the cwt (hundred weight) of dressed flax; they got a fair price for their work, and could make a good livelihood when fully employed. The St Leonard's Mills were built by the Aytons, and succeeded in turn by Mr John Fergus and Swan Brothers. Several generations of the inhabitants having been employed by these firms, and by Arthur Brothers, whose mills were situated in the Nethergate.

Seals found at Kinghorn Mills and District - Fife

Lead Flax Bale Seals from Riga, Latvia

There are more Riga seals on the Riga page

  

A Textbook Riga Crossed Keys

There is a cross + at the top between

 the tangs signifying Riga City Arms.

 A number at the bottom between the

 rings 1,2 or 3 is the grade of the flax

 

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 

 

 

Modern Cyrillic Alphabet

 A=A,  B=V,  Б=B,  C=S,  Ч=CH,

Д=D,  E=A,  И=E,  Ё=O,  Э=EH,

 Ф=F, Г=G,  H=N, K=K,  Л=L,

  M=M, O=O, Ө=F,Th, П=P, Р=R, 

Ж=ZH,  Ш=SH,  Щ=SHCH,  T=T,

Ц=TS,  У=U, Ю=YU, Я= YA, ѣ=YE

Х= KH,  З = Z.  IЬ Ы = Y,  Ь Ъ=' "

 

 

Inspectors and Posts

for Kinghorn Mill

  .

 

  Alekseev.E      1821   92

  Ardamazki       1848   --

  Chupyatov.T     1833  107

  Erokhin.S       1824   49

  Fedortov.M      1829 N121

  Gurov.S         182?   30

  Kaltushkin.?    1829   --

  Konovalov.V     1832   26

  Koptev.L        1822   91

  Luchnikov.I.Ya  18??   67

  Malinkoi        1785   52

  Mashkov.?       1824  N59

  Mikhalev        1830   --

  Orlov.MI        1813   59

  Petunov.A       1829  108

  Sinikov.C       1791   66

  Volkov.L        1819  105

  Vorob'ev.A      1822   98

  Vorob'ev.S      1797   16

  Zaitsov.F       180?   12

  Zamarin.T       1795   17

 

 

Posts / Inspectors / #

for Kinghorn Mill

 

   -- Ardamazki    1848#KH01

   -- ?.Kaltushkin 1829#KH01

   -- Mikhalev     1830#KH01

   12 F.Zaitsov    180?#KH01

   16 S.Vorob'ev   1797#KH01

   17 T.Zamarin    1795#KH01

   26 V.Konovalov  1832#KH01

   30 S.Gurov      182?#KH01

   49 S.Erokhin    1824#KH01

   52 Malinkoi     1785#KH01

   59 ?.Mashkov    1824#KH01

   59 MI.Orlov     1813#KH01

   66 S.Sinikov    1791#KH01

 67 I.Ya.Luchnikov 18??#KH01

   91 L.Koptev     1822#KH02

   92.E.Alekseev   1821#KH01

   98 A.Vorob'ev   1822#KH01

  105 L.Volkov     1819#KH01

  107 T.Chupyatov  1833#KH01

  108 A.Petunov    1829#KH02

 N121 M.Fedotov    1829#KH03

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

How the seals got

into the fields

 

The discarded stalks of the flax

 with a bale seal still attached

were highly prized as fertilizer

by local farmers to spread on

to the land mixed in

human & animal excrement.

 

 

.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = =

 

 

An article by John Sullivan on the

seals in his book which were found

in Fife ....  click here FIFE SEALS

 

Kinghorn Mill

 

Kinghorn Mill - Nethergate

 

Kinghorn Mill - St Leonard's Place

- - - - - - - - - - - - -

A small lead horse brass with iron studs

which was found in the Kinghorn District.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Lead Spindle Whorls from Kinghorn District.

The white patina indicates considerable age.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

 

Various

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Riga

KH01

+

 crossed keys

2

faint

 Riga

Riga

KH02

+

 crossed keys

2

faint

 Riga

Riga

KH03

+

 crossed keys

2

faint

 Riga

Riga

KH04

+

 crossed keys

1

faint

 Riga

Riga

KH05

X

 crossed keys

2

faint

 Riga
           

Lead Flax Bale Seals from Baltic States

There are more Shield seals on the Baltic States sites

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Baltic

KH01

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- pellets

I.G

9K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH02

distorted

A.R

9K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH03

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/5/5 pellets

HW

12K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH04

Cross quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

AR

12K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH05

Cross quartered

+ shield with

?/?/?/? pellets

HW

12K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH06

distorted

AR

9

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH07

Cross quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

RB

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH08

Cross quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

RB

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH09

ebay

Cross quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

RB

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH10

Cross quartered

+ shield with

-/-/-/- pellets

HW

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)
Derek Hall

Baltic

KH11

Cross quartered

+ shield with

6/6/-/- pellets

CR
12K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH12

Cross quartered

+ shield with

?/?/?/? pellets

AR

12K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH13

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/5/5 pellets

HW

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH14

Cross quartered

+ shield with

?/?/?/? pellets

HW

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH15

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- pellets

I.G

9K

 Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH16

Cross quartered

+ shield with

?/?/?/? pellets

HW

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH17

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- pellets

RB

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH18

Cross quartered

+ shield with

5/5/-/- pellets

IG

9K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

Baltic

KH19

Cross quartered

+ shield with
/5/-/-/ pellets

HW

12K

Baltic States
(Krown flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Star Flax Bale Seals from St Petersburg

There are more Star seals on the St Petersburg page

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Star

KH01

????

1800

*

blank

St

Petersburg

 

 

 

 

 

  

Archangel Manager Seals

APX  ПOP = Archangel Port

ДЕСЯТ (ДЕСЯТНИК) Manager in charge of ten people

  Most Bale Seals weigh 11-12 grams - Manager Seals weigh 23-24 grams

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

Arch

KH01

APXБPA
ДECЯT
AHДPEI
?EШH

ЛEHЪ

KPONЪ

2"COPTЪ

 Я.K. 1862

LEN  Crown

2nd SORT

YA.K

1862  (flax)

 

 

 

 

 

 ArchKH01    ДECЯT AHДPEI ?EШH = Inspector Andrew ?eshn?

Arch

KH02

A.П.

(Archangel Port)

ДECЯЦK

ИП

HЯБPA

RD

ЗAБP

NYABRA

RD ZABR

(flax)

  ArchKH02    ДECЯЦT ИП = Inspector IP .. Flax inspected - low quality Zabrack

Arch

KH03

A.П.

(Archangel Port)

ДECЯЦT

ЛИЧ

ЛHЯHБPAK
18 BД 36
ЗAБP

LNYANBRAK
VD  1836
ZABR
(flax)

  ArchKH03  ДECЯЦT ЛИЧ = Inspector LICH,  Flax inspected - low quality Zabrack

Arch

KH04

APX БPA

ДЕСЯТ

 MИXAИ

KOДYПAЁB

APXAHГ ПOP

KPOHЬ

4-COPTЬ

Я.П.B 1818

ARCHANGEL PORT

 CROWN

4th SORT(flax)

YaPB 1818

   ArchKH04 ДЕСЯТ MИXAИ: KOДYПAЁB = Manager Michael Kolupaev   Crown

Arch

KH05

APX БPA

ДЕСЯТT

 ПДATOH

УTTKИH

APX БP

KPOHЬ

3"COPTЬ

?.P 1848

ARKH. BR

KRON Crown

3rd SORT (flax)

? R 1848

  ArchKH05 ДЕСЯТT  ПДATTOH УTTKИH = Manager Platon Utkin - olde M-like T's

Arch

KH06

APX БPA

ДЕСЯТ

ИBAH 

HAУГOЛЬHOИ

APX БP

KPOHЬ

2"COPTЬ

Ф.P 1881

ARKH. BR

Crown

2nd SORT (flax)

F.R 1881

   ArchKH06 ДЕСЯТ  ИBAH HAУГOЛЬHOИ = Mngr Ivan Naugol'noi  Crown grade

Arch

KH07

APX BБA

ДЕСЯТЬ

AЛEKCAHДP 

ШAЛACИHЬ

APX БP

KУДѣЛЯ

2"COPTЬ

Ф.P 1871

ARKH. BR

KUDYELYA

2nd SORT (flax)

F.R 1871

   ArchKH07 ДЕСЯТ  AЛEKCAHДP ШAЛACИHЬ = Mngr Alexander Shalasin (Tow)

Arch

KH08

APX B БA

ДЕСЯТЬ

ПЛ

A. П.

(Archangel Port)

 ЛHЯHЬ

3 MП P 1825

A P

L'NYAN

3 ML R

 1825  (flax)

   ArchKH08 ДЕСЯТ  ПЛ = Insp. PL -  A.P ЛHЯHЬ = Archangel Port Flax 3rd grade

Arch

KH09

ДЕСЯТ

 ИЛЬЯ ПOПOBЪ

(ILYA POPOV)

APX БP

KPOHЬ

2 COPTЪ

E.П 1845

ARKH.BR

CROWN

2nd SORT (flax)

E.P 1845

   ArchKH09 ДЕСЯТ ИЛЬЯ ПOПOBЪ = Inspector Ilya Popov lived in Vologda

Arch

KH10

?????

?????

?????

Arch

KH11

APX БP

ДЕСЯТ

 MИTPOФA

HABЬHCKOИ

APX БP

ЧECKA

2 COPTЪ

E.П 1862

ARCH. BR

Cheska

2nd SORT (flax)

E.P 1862

   ArchKH11 ДЕСЯТ MИTPOФA HABЬHCKOИ= Inspector Mitrofa Nav'nskoi

Arch

KH12

APX БP

ДЕСЯТC

 ИBAHЪ

KOCTOB

APX БPA

KPOHЪ

4 COPTЪ

C.П 1889

ARCH.BRA

Crown

4th SORT (flax)

S.P 1862

   ArchKH12 ДЕСЯТ ИBAHЪ KOCTOB = Inspector Ivan Kostov

Arch

KH13

APX БP

 ДЕСЯТCK
BACИЛIИ
??????OB

APXAHГEЛ

ЧECKA

? COPTЪ

БПB 1874

ARCHANGEL

Cheska

ina is a sigBPV 1874

   ArchKH13 ДЕСЯТ BACИЛIИ ??????OB = Inspector Vasilii ?????ov

Arch

KH14

APX БP

ДЕСЯТ

ГEOPГOИ

?EAEЛѣH

APX БPA

2 COPTЪ

E.П 188?

ARCH BRA

2nd SORT (flax)

E.P 188?

   ArchKH14 ДЕСЯТ ГEOPГOИ ?EAEЛѣH = Inspector Georgoi ?eaelyen

Arch

KH15

АРХ ПОРТ
ДЕСЯТ
ИЛЬЯ .ПОПОВЬ

(ILYA POPOV

АРХ БРA

КУДЕЛЬН

 2 СОРТЪ

 ФР 1856

ARCH.BRA

KUDEL'N

2nd SORT (flax)

F.R 1856

   ArchKH15 Inspector Il'ya Popov lived in Vologda .. Kudel'n is coarse broken flax

Arch

KH16

APX БPA

ДЕСЯТ

MИXAИ

KOДYП AЁB

APXAHГ ПOP
KPOHЬ
4-COPTЬ
Д.П 1885

ARCHANGEL PORT

CROWN

4th SORT(flax)

D.P 1885

 ArchKH16 ДЕСЯТ MИXAИ: KOДYПAЁB = Manager Michael Kolupaev   Crown grade

Arch

KH17

ДЕСЯТ

 ?????

?????

APX ПOP

KPOHЬ

4-COPTЬ

Я. K 1871

ARCHANGEL PORT

CROWN

4th SORT(flax)

Ya.K 1871

Arch

KH18

ДЕСЯТ

КОСТЕНТ
НАУГОЛЬНОИ

APX БPA
ЗАБРАКЪ
Ф P
1859

ARCHANGEL BRAK
ZABRACK
F R (flax)
1859

   ArchKH18 ДЕСЯТ КОСТЕНТ НАУГОЛЬНОИ = Inspector Kostent Naugol'noi -

Arch

KH19

ДЕСЯт.

 ФEД.БPЮ

XAHOBЪ

APX. БP
KPOHЬ
 3 COPтЪ
BД  1830

ARCH.BR

KROWN

3rd SORT

VD 1830

   Arch KH19  Manager Fedor Bryukhanov - APX. БP = Archangel inspected Krown flax 1830

Arch

KH20

АП

 ДЕСЯТ

 ПЕТРЪ КАРПОB

(PETER KARPOV)

АПХ БР
ЧЕСКА
3СОРТЪ
ФР  1848

ARCH.BR

CHESKA

3rd SORT

FR  1848

   Arch KH20  Manager Peter Karpov  - APX. БP = Archangel Port inspected Cheska flax 1848

Arch
KH21

A. П.
ДEСЯT:
ПЕТР:МУРАМЕKОВ
(PETR.MURAMEKOV)

unreadable

unreadable
(flax)

   Arch KH21 Manager Peter Muramekov
           
           

IDS

335

APX BБA

ДЕСЯТ

???????

???????

APX БP

ЧECKA

3"COPTЬ

E.П 1862

ARCH. BR

CHESKA

3rd SORT

E.P 1862

   IDS335  ДЕСЯТ  ????? ????? = Mngr ????? ????? found in Cupar Fife
           

Normal Flax Bale Seals

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1785

KH01

ДE= DE

MAЛИHKOИ

(MALINKOI)

H 52

NP

ФH12H

1785

52

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1791

KH01

ЛД = LD

C.CIHIKOBЬ

(S.SINIKOV)

H66

NP

ICZ12H

1791

66

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1795

KH01

ЛД = LD

T.ЗAMARИHЬ

(T.ZAMARIN)

H17

NP

?C12H

1795

17

post
(flax)

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1797

KH01

ЛД = LD
C.BOPOБЬEBЬ

(S.VOROB'EV)

H16

NP

DH12K

1797

16

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

180?

KH01

ЛД = LD

Ф.ЗAИЦOBЬ

(F.ZAITSOV)

H12

NP

ЯC12H

180-

12

post
(flax)

 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1813

KH01

ЛД = LD

MИ.OPЛOBЪ

(MI.ORLOV)

H59

NP

?Ф12H

1813

59

post
(flax)

 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1819

KH01

ЛД = LD

Л.BOЛKOBЬ

(L.VOLKOV)

H105

NP

ДБ12H

1819

105

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1821

KH01

ЛД = LD

E.AЛEKCEEB
 (E.ALEKSEEV)

H92

NP

WH12H

1821

92

post
(flax)

 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1822

KH01

ЛД = LD

A.BOPOБЬEBЬ

(A.VOROB'EV)

H 98

NP

IB12H

1822

98

post
(flax)

1822

KH02

ЛД = LD

Л.КОПТЕВЪ

(L.KOPTEV)

H 91

NP

АГ12H

1822

91

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1823

KH01

ЛД = LD

C.EPOХИHЬ

(S.EROKHIN)

H49

NP

IS12H

1823

49

post
(flax)

 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1824

KH01

ЛД = LD

?.MAШKOBЬ

(?.MASHKOV)

N59

NP

HG12H

1824

59

post
(flax)

 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1827

KH01

   ЛД = LD

И.BИHOKУPOBЬ

(I.VINOKUROV)

H58

NP

ICБ12H

1827

58

post
(flax)

 

Distorted Seal Dates before 1829

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

182?

KH01

ЛД = LD
C.ГУPOBЬ
(S.GUROV)
H30

NP

AБ12H

 1825

30

post
(flax)

182?

KH02

ЛД = LD

-.----O--Ь

H 2?

NP

----

----

2?

post
(flax)

NP

18??

KH03

ЛД = LD

A.CAPЬIHИH

(A.SARYNIN)

H71

NP

IC12H

1???

71

post
(flax)
 
Distorted Seal Dates from 1829

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

18??

KH01

ЛД = LD

И.Я.ЛУЧHИKOB

(I.Ya.LUCHNIKOV)

H67

CПБ

HoП.2

?. H

18??

67

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1829

KH01

ПИЛПД = PiLPD

?.KAЛTУШKИH

(?.KALTUSHKIN)

H--

SPB

ПШ12H

1829

#
post
(flax)

1829

KH02

ЛД = LD

A.ПETУHOBЬ

(A.PETUNOV)

H108

S.P.B

N.P._2.

M.S.

1829

108  post
(flax)

1829

KH03

ЛД = LD

M.ФEДOTOBЬ

(M.FEDOTOV)

N121

S.P.B
N.P._2.
M.S.
1829

N 121
post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1830

KH01

ЛД = LD

MИХAЛEBЬ

(MIKHALEV)

H--

S.P.B

NP._3

H B

1830

#

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1832

KH01

ЛД = LD

B.KOHOBAЛOB

(V.KONOVALOV)

H26

CПБ

HoП_.2

?. П

1832

26

post
(flax)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1833

KH01

ЛД = LD

T.ЧУПЯTOBЬ

(T.CHUPYATOV)

H107

CПБ

Ho_?

Д Х

1833

107

post
(flax)
 
Presumed Ardamatzky flax seals

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1847

KH01

2 (2 post)

1847

Ho2
__,__

O.9.П

2nd sort
9 pukn (pieces)
(flax)

1847

KH02

2 (2 post)

1847

Ho2
__,__

O.9.П

2nd sort
9 pukn (pieces)
(flax)
 O.9.П is possibly OTБOPHЬII  9 ПУКН  selected 9 pick (grade)
 

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

1844

KH01

18 JБ  44

No 2 (2 post)

Ho 2.
__.___

 O.9.П

2nd sort
9 pukn (pieces)
(flax)

1848

KH01

ARDAMAZKI

BA  1848

STPB

Ho 1.
__,__

Л.12П

1st sort
12 pukn (pieces)
Л (len) (flax)
  П = ПУКН = PUKN = PICK a term which replaced sort and grade.

1847

KH01

ARDAMATZKY

BA  1847
STPB.1

2"C.
__,__

9 П.

2nd (COPT) sort
9 pukn (pieces)
(flax)

1851

KH01

ARDAMATZKY

BA  1851

SPB

H 2.
__,__

9 П.

2nd sort
9 pukn (pieces)
(flax)

1851

KH02

2

ARDAMATZKY

A Б  1851
STPB

2 post
(flax)

1851

KH03

2

ARDAMATZKY

A Б  1851
STPB

2 post
(flax)

1856

KH01

ARDAMATZKY

BA ????
STPB

Ho 1
__,__

1856

1st sort

1856
(flax)
           

D

KH01

Д

UNREADABLE  LETTERS

2 И
COPTЪ
A

2nd

SORT

A  (flax)

 

 Д (D) is DESYATNIK a Quality Control Officer -  was selected by the brackers themselves who worked under their direct supervision to carry out the inspection and certify on their behalf the bundle to which the seal was fastened. Variations are  ДЕС, ДЕСЯCK, ДЕСЯТ, ДЕСЯТC, ДЕСЯТCK, ДЕСЯТH, ДЕСЯТHИKЪ, ДЕСЯТЬHИKЪ, ДeСЯЦK, ДЕСЯЦKO, ДЕСЯЦKOИ

 

           
   Albert Volfshmit (Albert Wolfsmith) set up a distillery (and yeast factory) in Riga in 1845.   The company grew to become a very major business producing Balsam and other spirits.

Riga
Bal01

Riga City Arms

1845

РИГА (RIGA)

А.ВОЛЬШМИДТЪ (A.VOL'FSHMIT)

 Riga Balsam

(A.Wolfshmith)

Seal Ident Page
           
           

 

Other Bag Seals found here

#

OBVERSE  click thumbnail

REVERSE click thumbnail

SEB

KH01

two busts

SEBASTOPOL

CRIMEE

НОВOРOССIЙС

МЕЛЬНИЦА

ВЬ

СЕВАСТПОЛ.

NOVOROSSIYSK

MILL in

SEVASTOL

SEB KH01 - A Russian cement works seal from Sebastopol in Crimea on the Black Sea

Web

01

WEBB & SONS

MANURE MANMRS

SALTNEY CHESTER

REGISTERED

TRADE MARK

WEBBS

Web

02

WEBB & SONS

MANURE WORKS

SALTNEY CHESTER

REGISTERED

TRADE MARK

WEBBS

Web

03

WEBB & SONS

MANURE WORKS

SALTNEY CHESTER

REGISTERED

TRADE MARK

WEBBS

Bel

01

(BAR)SIN M(OL)E(N)

0 0   (G)ENT

August(us) 28

(Belgium Flour Mill)

Bel

02

BARSIN M(OLEN)

0 0   (G)ENT

December  12

(Belgium Flour Mill)

Sv

01

A slithering snake on the obverse and a

distorted name on the reverse SVEND???

purpose unknown  18x16x4mm 5.6gr

WM

& Co

Initials possibly JJD

I I   WM & Co

purpose unknown  21x19x4mm  10.6gr

Hop

Czech

Lion rampant with double tail, VEREJNA ZNAMKOVNA CHMELE curving downward V.ŽATEC curving upward // OEFFENTLICHE curving downward / HOPFEN / SIGNIER HALLE / IN / ŽATEC=SAAZ . This a hop seal from the Czech town of Žatec known as Saaz in German. For more information on hop growing in the Saaz region, which mentions the Signier Halle where the hops are graded, district see NOTES

 Additional by Phillippe Lanez ...for Hop Czech

Obverse : A . VEREJNA ZNAMKOVNA CHMELE - ZATEC. -  A rampant lion, tail in sautoir .VEREJNA = PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ; ZNAMKOVNA= MARKING HALL ; CHMELE = HOPS .. Reverse : OEFFENTLICHE / HOPFEN / SIGNIER HALLE IN ZATEC – SAAZ PUBLIC HOPS .. The SAME in German . Czechoslovak lead seal relative to the hop-growing. In 1921 the Senate of the National Assembly of The Republic Czechoslovak promulgated a law obliging the marking for the harvests of hop intended for his marketing and his import. This lead seal indicated the local origin of the production or the village and guaranteed the immunity of the contents. .In Czech Republic, the culture of this creeper plant enjoys a big tradition which goes back up well before the time of Charles IV, king of Bohemia and Germanic emperor. But it was during its reign that the culture of the hop lived a real development. Certification of hops. Hop marking has a long-time tradition in the Czech Republic. In 1884 first marking hall was established in SAAZ. Hop marking is obligatory and is pursued by the state authority. Only high quality hops from producing districts (SAAZ, AUSCHA, TRSITZ) are certified. Hop verifIcation includes year of crop, weight, producing district and variety and is made on packing by means of a certification mark, registration number and seal of the Public marking hall. As a verifying document a certificate is issued.

 
French Flour Bag Seals

GMdC

1905, GRANDS MOULINS DE CORBEIL

MAI / FLEURS SUPERIEURS

 Great Mills of Corbeil

In the nineteenth century, milling went from being a small-scale, geographically dispersed, artisanal industry to a highly capitalistic industry dominated by a few dozen entrepreneures who set up large water-powered (and later steam- and electric-powered) mills to supply flour to the large cities and regional markets of France. The outstanding figure in this evolution was Aimé-Stanislas Darblay. Between the 1820s and 1860s, Darblay joined with his brother and later with his son Paul to build and operate a series of large mills that supplied flour on longterm contracts to the bakers of Paris ander the Six Marques label.
In the early years, the Darblay enterprise centered on the Saint-Maur mill, constructed in 1838 near the junction of the Seine and Marne rivers. It was powered by Fourneyron water turbines and incorporated the "American" system of milling - that is to say, it was a multistory, gravity-fed mill where grain went into the top and flour and bran came out the bottom with a minimum of human handling. In the 1860s, the centre of Darblay's operations shifted from Saint-Maur to Corbiel, souteast of Paris on the Essonne River. One of the oldest flour mills in France, Corbeil was probably the first one in the country to have the Amaerican system installed (in 1817) when it was owned by Hospices Générales de Paris. The Darblays leased Corbeil in 1838 and became outright owners in 1863, whereupon they sold Saint-Maur to the City of Paris and transferred its equipment to Corbeil.
...the Darblays moved into papermaking in 1868 by purchasing the Papeteries d'Essonnes. Because Paul Darblay focused increasingly on papermaking after his father's died in 1878, the Corbiel mills were recognized as a société anonyme in 1882. In 1888, the "Hungarian" milling system (in which cylinders replaced grindstones) was installed at Corbeil, and by 1900 the daily capacity of the mill had risen from 180 metric tons to 350 metric tons. That, plus the opening of an additional mill at Le Havre, kept Grands Moulins de Corbeil in first place among French milling companies at the turn of the century." 

 

 

 

 

 

 Hungarian Flour Bag Seals

Hun

01

3

Various mills designated as

(Name) DAMPFMÜHL / OFEN

(Name) Steam Mill / Budapest)

There were lots of flour mills in Hungary

who formed a common grade of quality

with a triangle made of three ears of

corn around the grade number & MT.

The mill name is on the reverse.

See Bagseals.Org for more information

Hun

02

4

Hun

03

M 1 T

inside triangle

       Hungarian Mills using the Triangular Trade Mark were

  Concordia Steam Mill Co., Lim.;
  Elizabeth Steam Mill Co.;
  First Budapest Steam Mills Co., Lim. (Erste Ofen-Pester)
  Gizella Steam Mills;
  Henry Haggenmacher Steam Flour Mills, Budapest;
  Louisa Steam Mill Co., Budapest (Hungary);
  Pannonia Steam Flour Mills;
  The Pesth Cylinder Flour Mill Co., Lim.

  (Pestihengermalom-társaság-Pester Walzmühl-Gesellschaft);
  The Pester Millers and Bakers Steam Flour Mills Co., Lim., Budapest;
  United Steam Mills of the Hungarian General Credit Bank;
  ”Victoria” Steam Mills, Budapest;
  Losonczer und Hatvaner Dampfmühlen in Losoncz;
  The Borsod Miskolcz Steam Flour Mill Co., Lim., in Miskolcz;
  ”István” Steam Mill Co., in Debreczen;
  The Nagyvárad “Laszlo” Cylinder Flour Mill Co., Lim., in Nagyvárad;
  The Szatmár Steam Mill Co., in Szatmár

 

 

 

 

 

A Sumac Seal found nearby

Sum

01

M.POJERO PALERMO

flowers

GENUINE SUMAC

PRIME

QUALITY

WARRANTED

 Sicilian sumac (Rhus coriaria) is a shrubby bush which grows chiefly in Sicily and Tuscany, and succeeds on any well-drained soil, though the best development is secured in calcareous soils. That grown in the mountainous districts around Palermo is known as "masculino" More commonly known today as a spice it was used in the 18th century as a tanning agent in leather manufacturing. The company was M. POJERO & Co of Palermo.
         

Dutch Customs House Tax seals from Kinghorn Mills

 Regten en Accynzen is Old Dutch and is nowadays written as

 Rechten en Accijnzen. Literally meaning Rights and Excise .

For a long list of Dutch Customs House Tax Seals click here

669a

Dutch R&A

Regten en Accynsen

Customs and Excise

R&A

669

669b

Dutch R&A

Regten en Accynsen

Customs and Excise

R&A

669

529a

Dutch R&A

Regten en Accynsen

Customs and Excise

R&A

529

289a

Dutch R&A

Regten en Accynsen

Customs and Excise

R&A

289

289b

Dutch R&A

Regten en Accynsen

Customs and Excise

R&A

289
         
         
         
         

 

 

 

 Dutch Customs Seals are a common find throughout the country. The obverse has a crowned Dutch shield bearing the rampant lion of Holland. The reverse has

a number of the customs post and the letters R & A

meaning Regten en Accynsen (Customs and Excise).

 Some of these seals would be associated with flax but

they were used for a variety of imported goods.

   Seals 343 & 215 were found among the flax seals

and the black 343 on a nearby beach, commonly used

in Scotland to unload bales. The 257 seal was found a

mile from my home in the Yorkshire dales.

      Aberlady Bay   

 

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